浆细胞性乳腺炎患者外周血Th17细胞的变化

目的观察浆细胞性乳腺炎(PCM)患者外周血Th17细胞数量的变化。方法采用流式细胞术检测慢性期PCM(CPCM)患者、亚急性期PCM(SPCM)患者、急性期PCM(APCM)患者和健康对照者(HC)的外周血中Th17细胞百分率;采用ELISA检测上述四组受检者的血浆IL-17和IL-23水平。结果 CPCM、SPCM和APCM三组患者的外周血Th17细胞数量、IL-17和IL-23水平依次增高,且均高于HC组,各组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PCM患者的外周血Th17细胞数量有所增多且功能增强。     

Publishing in open access era: focus on respiratory journals

We have entered an open access publishing era. The impact and significance of open access is still under debate after two decades of evolution. Open access journals benefit researchers and the general public by promoting visibility, sharing and communicating. Non-mainstream journals should turn the challenge of open access into opportunity of presenting best research articles to the global readership. Open access journals need to optimize their business models to promote the healthy and continuous development.     

A meta‐analysis of reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of malignant skin tumours

Early diagnosis is extremely important for treatment and prognosis of skin cancer. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a recently developed technique used to diagnose skin cancer. This meta‐analysis was carried out to assess the accuracy of RCM for the diagnosis of malignant skin tumours. We conducted a systematic literature search of EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science database for relevant articles in English published up to 24 December 2015. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS‐2 tool. Statistical analyses were conducted using the software Meta‐Disc version 1.4 and STATA version 12.0. A total of 21 studies involving 3108 patients with a total of 3602 lesions were included in the per‐lesion analysis. The corresponding pooled results for sensitivity and specificity were 93.6% (95% CI: 0.92–0.95) and 82.7% (95% CI: 0.81–0.84) respectively. Positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 5.84 (95% CI: 4.27–7.98) and 0.08 (95% CI: 0.07–0.10) respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that RCM had a sensitivity of 92.7% (95% CI: 0.90–0.95) and a specificity of 78.3% (95% CI: 0.76–0.81) for detecting melanoma. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of RCM for detecting basal cell carcinoma were 91.7% (95% CI: 0.87–0.95) and 91.3% (95% CI: 0.94–0.96) respectively. RCM is a valid method of identifying malignant skin tumours accurately.     

精囊镜治疗21例顽固性血精的疗效分析

目的探讨应用精囊镜治疗顽固性血精的临床疗效。方法自2011年10月至2013年2月,广东医学院第二附属医院对21例顽固性血精患者行精囊镜检查,入院前血精时间超过半年,经过中西医药物治疗和物理治疗,症状反复出现,入院后行超声及CT排除前列腺肿瘤,使用Wolf 7.5 F输尿管硬镜行精囊镜检查,术后静脉使用抗生素治疗及留置尿管。结果 21例手术均成功,其中4例需使用电切镜切开精阜暴露射精管,手术时间20~43 min,平均25 min,1例术后出现发热,无附睾炎、尿道损伤、直肠损伤、逆行性射精等严重并发症,16例在精囊镜检查后3个月内血精完全消失,3例术后使用中药及抗生素治疗后血精消失,2例仍反复血精。结论采用精囊镜对一些久治不愈的血精患者进行检查和治疗,既可以明确诊断,又可以对精囊进行冲洗,结合药物治疗,具有创伤小、效果好、并发症少等优点,是治疗顽固性血精的有效方法之一。     

灵芝多糖联合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病模型大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的研究灵芝多糖联合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激的影响。方法 采用斯泼累格·多雷（SD）大鼠高脂饮食4周后,腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素30 mg.kg-1造模。成模后将大鼠随机分为模型对照组、灵芝多糖组（给予灵芝多糖600 mg.kg-1）、二甲双胍组（给予二甲双胍600 mg.kg-1）及联合用药组（给予灵芝多糖300 mg.kg-1＋二甲双胍300 mg.kg-1）,另设正常对照组。给药治疗12周末测量大鼠空腹血糖;测定血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）水平。结果用药组空腹血糖水平均低于模型对照组（P<0.01）,其中联合用药组血糖显著低于单独用药组（P<0.01）。与模型对照组比较,用药组血清TC、TG水平明显下降（P<0.05或P<0.01）,与单独用药组比较,联合用药组血清TC、TG水平明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与模型对照组比较,用药组血清SOD水平明显升高（P<0.01）;与单独用药组比较,联合用药组血清SOD水平明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型对照组比较,用药组血清MDA水平明显降低（P<0.01）,联合用药组血清MDA较单独用药组明显降低（P<0.05）。与模型对照组比较,用药组血清CAT、GSH-Px水平明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,联合用药组血清CAT、GSH-Px水平较单独用药组明显升高（P<0.05）。结论 灵芝多糖、二甲双胍联合用药能够有效对抗2型糖尿病大鼠体内氧化应激作用,效果优于单独用药,其机制可能与增强体内SOD、CAT、GSH-Px水平及调节血脂障碍有关。     

出院后营养管理对新生儿肠道手术后生长速度的影响

目的：探讨出院后科学的营养管理对新生儿肠道术后生长速度的影响。方法通过营养门诊对113例肠道手术后患儿进行出院后营养喂养指导,统计每月生长速度（体质量、身长和头围）,对照正常参考值,分析落后的体格何时出现生长加速。结果新生儿肠道手术后1月时出现体格增长速度低于正常参考值,以男性为著（体质量P＝0．000;身长P＝0．041;头围P＝0．010）。生长加速出现在术后2～3月,男性出现身长的生长加速（月增长值[（4．53±1．22） cm比（3．1±0．4） cm, P＝0．013],女性出现体质量[（1．51±0．76） kg比（0．83±0．39） kg, P＝0．028]和头围[（2．50±0．93） cm比（1．2±0．7） cm, P＝0．021]的生长加速。结论科学的出院后营养管理有助新生儿术后体格生长加速,术后2～3月是生长加速的关键时期。     

Nox2 Is a Mediator of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

Delayed graft function (DGF) results from ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) and the generation of reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) plays an important role in pathways leading to DGF. We tested this hypothesis in vitro, in an animal model of IRI using wild type and Nox2^?/? mice, and in patients with DGF. Under hypoxic conditions, primary tubular epithelial cells from Nox2^?/? mice had reduced expression of MMP2, vimentin, and HSP27. BUN and creatinine levels were significantly increased in both Nox2^?/? and WT mice at 4 weeks and 6 months after IRI, suggesting the development of acute and chronic kidney injury. At 4 weeks, kidney fibrosis (α‐SMA, picrosirius) and oxidative stress (dihydroethidine, HNE) were significantly reduced in Nox2^?/? mice, confirming the oxidative and pro‐fibrotic effects of Nox2. The molecular signature of IRI using genomic analyses demonstrated a significant decline in hypoxia reponse, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation in Nox2^?/? mice. Immunohistochemical analyses of pre‐implanatation kidney allograft biopsies from patients with subsequent DGF showed significantly greater Nox2 levels and vascular injury compared with patients without DGF. These studies demonstrate that Nox2 is a modulator of IRI and its absence is associated with reduced inflammation, OS, and fibrosis.